浅析离心过滤过程恒浓度问题

通过离心过滤过程平均浓度和瞬时浓度两种情况的理论分析，对该过程恒浓度的判别公式进行了推导，并结合盐硝生产实验作了讨论。     

Summation and numerousness judgments of sequentially presented sets of items by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).

Summation and numerousness judgments by 2 chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) were investigated when 2 quantities of M&Ms were presented sequentially, and the quantities were never viewed in their totality. Each M&M was visible only before placement in 1 of 2 cups. In Experiment 1, sets of 1 to 9 M&Ms were presented. In Experiment 2, the quantities in each cup were presented as 2 smaller sets (e.g., ?+?2 vs. 4?+?1). In Experiment 3, the quantities were presented as 3 smaller sets (e.g., 2?+?2?+?3 vs. 3?+?4?+?1). In Experiment 4, an M&M was removed from 1 set before the chimpanzees' selection. In Experiments 1 and 2, the chimpanzees selected the larger quantity on significantly more trials than would be predicted by chance. In Experiments 3 and 4, 1 chimpanzee performed at a level significantly better than chance. Therefore, chimpanzees mentally represent quantity and successfully combine and compare nonvisible, sequentially presented sets of items. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Logical operators of some statistical computing packages and missing values

When using statistical computer packages in general, we rely on the results they produce. We are aware that numerical approximations are made and trust that the best algorithms are chosen to do them. Most manuals give us instructions about precision of calculations and some report how missing values are administered. What we are unaware of is that some packages can invent results when creating atomic formulas and compounding complex formulas out of atomic ones, what inflates sample sizes, and possibly leads us to incorrect statistical decisions. Two simple indicator variables, with missing values positioned so the results are always missing values, were tested as numerical, as logical and as character variables, by compounding them through connective ‘and’ (&) and ‘or’ (|) to form new indicator variables. The results show that one of the three very known packages does not, statistically, correctly handle missing values, and the three make atomic formulas out of character variables assigning the value false (0) for missing value, what can be said an statistical error. The conclusion is that statisticians and users of statistics must be aware of the capabilities of logically operating missing values of the statistical packages they use, otherwise wrong statistical decisions can be made. And that programmers of statistical packages should correct their algorithms in order to not permit their packages invent non-existing values.     

视频对数放大器动态范围的提高

视频对数放大器是一种采用限幅放大器串联级联或并联求和结构逐级检波构成的交流对数放大器,对交流高频信号具有很强的压缩能力,但其动态范围一般不超过100 dB。利用串联级联和并联求和两种结构的对数放大器的优化组合及改进设计可设计出更大动态范围、宽频带、响应速度快及高精度的对数放大器。本文采用三个单片串联级联对数放大器组成并联求和结构大动态范围对数放大器,其动态范围高达140 dB,是单片级联对数放大器的2.5倍。     

相邻荷载对既有基础的沉降影响分析

在既有建筑物附近新建房屋或者大量堆载,其产生的附加荷载将引起既有建筑物基础不均匀沉降、倾斜甚至开裂。现行《建筑地基基础设计规范》中给出的角点法只能计算新建基础区域内的沉降,而无法计算新建基础区域以外的地基沉降。文中依据弹性理论给出了建筑地基基础附加应力计算公式,依据分层总和法给出了任意土层的地基沉降计算公式,该公式可以计算所有区域的地面变形(沉降),并根据该沉降计算公式编制了简单实用的MATLAB分析程序。通过两个实例,分析了附加荷载对毗邻基础的沉降影响。     

母乳中长链甘油三酯研究进展

母乳中甘油三酯的结构对于婴幼儿的脂肪消化吸收具有重要影响。作者所在团队前期研究结果显示,母乳脂肪天然富含中长链甘油三酯（MLCT）,是母乳中含量最丰富的一类甘油三酯,其质量约占总甘油三酯的30%,主要结构是一个中链脂肪酸和两个长链脂肪酸构成的单中链型甘油三酯（MLL）。母乳中几乎不含中链甘油三酯（MCT）。作者综述了母乳脂肪中MLCT的含量、组成、影响因素以及母乳与婴幼儿配方奶粉中甘油三酯的差异,总结了MLCT的消化特性,以及MLCT型母乳替代脂的研究进展,为新型配方奶粉脂肪的开发提供理论依据。     

A Spectral-SAR Model for the Anionic-Cationic Interaction in Ionic Liquids: Application to Vibrio fischeri Ecotoxicity

Within the recently launched the spectral-structure activity relationship (S-SAR) analysis, the vectorial anionic-cationic model of a generic ionic liquid is proposed, along with the associated algebraic correlation factor in terms of the measured and predicted activity norms. The reliability of the present scheme is tested by assessing the Hansch factors, i.e. lipophylicity, polarizability and total energy, to predict the ecotoxicity endpoints of wide types of ionic liquids with ammonium, pyridinium, phosphonium, choline and imidazolium cations on the aquatic bacteria Vibrio fischeri. The results, while confirming the cationic dominant influence when only lipophylicity is considered, demonstrate that the anionic effect dominates all other more specific interactions. It was also proved that the S-SAR vectorial model predicts considerably higher activity for the ionic liquids than for its anionic and cationic subsystems separately, in all considered cases. Moreover, through applying the least norm-correlation path principle, the complete toxicological hierarchies are presented, unfolding the ecological rules of combined cationic and anionic influences in ionic liquid toxicity.     

粮食加工机械中接触压力的探析

应用弹性理论和数学分析，导出了粮食加工机械中接触面形状、压力分布和接触压陷的一般公式，并给出了几种特例的分析方法     

Analysis and Convenient Formulas for Elasto-Plastic Contacts of Nominally Flat Surfaces: Average Gap,Contact Area Ratio,and Plastically Deformed Volume

Interaction of nominally flat engineering surfaces that leads to a large contact area exists in many mechanical systems. Considering periodic similarity of surface geometry, a numerical three-dimensional elasto-plastic contact model can be used to simulate the contact behaviors of two nominally flat surfaces with the assistance of the continuous convolution and Fourier transform (CC-FT) algorithm. This model utilizes the analytical frequency response functions (FRF) of elastic/plastic responses of materials and provides contact performance results, including the average surface gap, the contact area ratio, and the volume of plastically deformed material, which may be defined as performance variables. Following the digital filtration technology, rough surfaces can be numerically generated with specified autocorrelation length and the first four orders of statistical moments. A group of contact simulations are conducted with various working conditions. The effects of topographic and material properties on the contact behaviors are discussed. With a multi-variables regression method, empirical formulas are developed for the performance variables as functions of surface statistical characteristics, material properties, a hardening parameter, and the applied load in terms of pressure.     

高能重离子碰撞中能量密度和粒子密度数值分析

分别用无穷级数展开方法和数值积分计算中的高斯-拉盖尔求积法对高能重离子碰撞中能量密度和粒子密度数值进行计算，并对结果及级数展开中的高次项和一次项的大小进行了比较。结果表明：高斯-拉盖尔方法可以作为一种实用的算法应用在高能重离子碰撞的计算中。